Nanotechnology is used in the production of batteries and energy storage systems. The nanotechnology materials provide high power output coupled with longer life while at the same time being lighter in weight and occupying less space than traditional products. And once the battery has reached the end of its useful life it is less of an environmental hazard because the nanotechnology parts are built to be chemically inert.

Ultra-thin membranes manufactured using nanomaterials are used in desalination plants. These have been demonstrated to produce up to 70% more water than traditional membranes and require up to 20% less energy to do so. The technology is used in creating a wide variety of filters which have many applications in environmental projects such as sewage treatment plants, water and gas purification.

Nanoparticles are used in coating solar panels. These particles can be created in the form of an ink and as such can be painted on to surfaces without needing to use a clean room, thus reducing manufacturing costs. They also have properties which makes them more efficient at generating electricity.

Nanotechnology is widely used in the automotive industry. One of the big problems facing manufacturers of cars, trucks, planes etc is reducing weight without compromising safety. Much progress has been made in developing lighter-weight metallic compounds and carbon fiber components. Nanotechnology provides even better weight to strength performance. Windscreen manufacturers also use nanotechnology. Nanoparticles integrated into the windscreen can become activated by the weather and actively dislodge dirt and insect debris from the windscreen. The particles can also influence how water spreads across the screen making the wipers more effective. Nanoparticles are also added to paints to make them scratch resistant.

Ever since the clothing industry existed its three big goals have been to produce clothing that is stain proof, water resistant and easy iron or crease proof. Several of these goals are being achieved by nanotechnology. Nanoparticles are sprayed onto the garments providing an effective shield against stains and water. And because the particles are actually rigid objects, they prevent garments from creasing.

So far the products we have looked at have functioned essentially as inert. But one of the most exciting areas of nanotechnology is in creating materials that will be designed to latch on to other materials. If this area proves successful we can expect to see nanoproducts being designed to mop up pollutants by attaching to specific chemicals or to mop up oil spills by attaching to the oil atoms. Similar technology could be used to create drugs which will attach to specific viruses and bacteria rendering them ineffectual.

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It is used for mini consumer products ranging from aerosol cans to seat cushions as well as several other items.
Military nano technology is now used to create new and better equipment along with new innovations that will help and increase productivity. These advances will be very helpful for the military because they provide solutions to many problems that previously seemed impossible to solve.

Pinpoint targeting helps to make the military more efficient. Invisible communal armor is one of the many newer creations of military nano technology. It uses temperature to allow soldiers to blend in with their surroundings.

Hopefully this armor will have the ability to receive signals of harmful attacks. Interestingly this military nano technology has the ability to make armor and helmets 60 % lighter than they are currently. It also gives the protective gear the ability to not get ripped, scratched or torn.

Scientists hope that this smart armor will be able to help the common soldier to fight more safely on the battlefield. With greater advances in science every day there will be even more in store with the future of military nano technology.

In the desert of New Mexico there is a weapon that you can’t see or that you can’t hear. It travels at the speed of light and it’s objective is pain. This weapon is in its final test phasing on human targets. Actif da Nile is a milimeter wave transmitter. It emits a beam that is very concentrated and makes its target the human being. It is also known as the pain beam and used as deterrent weapon that will stop people in their tracks.

This advanced military nano technology transmitter is like a wall of flame that you don’t see or hear. It comes around you and your brain will tell you to react. No matter how hard you try and resist it. Your brain thinks it is a wall of flame.

Controlled by a simple joy stick and beamed by antennae, the pain beam can be pulsed, swelled , or swept. It can strike well beyond 800 yards. It penetrates their clothing and impacts on their skin. It heats the very outer layer to intolerable pain levels and causes a reaction. It does this without burning or causing internal damage. The antennae can be mounted on all military hardware.

To get even further information on the advances made within the military using nano technology,  it would be good to consider attending an event that is being held in conjunction with the ‘Modern Infantry Exhibition 2011’ on
9-11 November at the National Shooting Centre, Bisley, UK. Registration is free. It will be worth your while to attend this exciting exhibition for free and meet leading technology organizations. They are dedicated to military equipment, target acquisition, surveillance and night observation systems.

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Toyota uses nanotechnology to make its car bumpers lighter, stronger and more resistant to dents. The paint with which it sprays its cars probably has nanoparticles to make the paintwork more resistant to scratches. But nanotechnology is about more than making cars more cosmetically efficient. It may prove to be the greatest technology ever devised by man in ways that will improve our standard of living, our environment and our health.

One of the exciting prospects for nanotechnology is the development of nanoparticles with open-ended bonding surfaces. These will act like chemical glues which will attach themselves to specific atoms. These might be used in pollution control, for example, where nanoparticles which attach themselves to oil changing its viscosity could be deployed to clean up massive oil spillages quickly and efficiently. They could be designed so that the new bond would cause clumping, making it easy to remove spilt oil at sea and making it easier to prevent the slick from spreading and breaking up.

The medical world too is looking to nanotechnology for revolutionary new procedures and drugs, or rather a better way to deliver drugs to the patient. One of the biggest problems with many medical procedures and treatments is collateral damage. Even the most routine procedure using key-hole surgery will have some collateral damage in that there will be an entry wound, albeit small, which exposes the patient to an increased risk of infection. Nanotechnology offers the intriguing prospect of being able to introduce self-assembling nanoparticles into the body where they can be programmed to go straight to the area to be operated on and do the work required, all without having to make an incision. Think of it as having miniature robotic surgeons working inside the body.

The bonding properties of nanoparticles could also be used in the battle against infectious diseases. With just a few exceptions, medical research has yet to come up with drugs which are effective in the treatment of viral infections. And while antibiotics continue to be used in the battle against bacterial infections, they are becoming less effective against new bacterial strains which have evolved to be immune to them. They also have the disadvantage of being indiscriminate, wiping out both harmful and beneficial bacteria. Nanotechnology offers the hope of being able to develop nanoparticles that can be built specifically to attach themselves to viruses or harmful bacteria turning them into harmless compounds. Nanoparticles are smaller than cells and there is the possibility of them being able to enter cells and work from within.

Traditional cancer treatments such as radiotherapy, surgery and chemotherapy will also cause damage to healthy tissue. Experiments are now being carried out on the development of nanoparticles designed to target and destroy only cancerous tissue.

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In this article we are going to look at the uses and potential uses of nanotechnology in building materials. Because the technology is relatively new, only in modern buildings are we likely to find many of the nanotechnology components we will be referring to, but as the application of the technology becomes more widespread, repairs and renovations to older buildings will see them join the nanotechnology revolution.

Pilkington is one of the largest glass manufacturers in the world. It has launched a self-cleaning glass which will require less human intervention to maintain. The glass is developed using a nanoparticle coating which will use sunlight to cause a reaction with organic dirt it comes into contact with, preventing the dirt from becoming fixed to the glass. The dirt will be removed by rainfall or can be simply rinsed off. The glass is also designed to stop raindrops from splattering, instead turning rainfall into an evenly spread sheet of water which makes the cleaning even more effective. And it blocks uva and uvb radiation, beneficial to health and useful in managing internal temperature.

Nanotechnology is being deployed in the manufacture of exterior paint. Exterior paint has a really tough job having to cope with the worst the elements can throw at it. It has to able to withstand snow, rain, blazing sunshine and everything in between. Even the most durable paints will be overcome eventually, necessitating a repaint of the building. The application of nanotechnology in paint manufacturing has resulted in paints that are far more durable then traditional paints and that actually assist in insulation.

You will also find nanotechnology used in the manufacture of solar panels. While solar panels are clearly beneficial as an environmental protector and energy cost saver, the purchase cost of the panels is sufficiently high enough to deter the majority. Many panel manufacturers believe that the cost savings achieved by using nanotechnology will bring the price of panels down enough to make them affordable to a lot more people.

Most new buildings will have environmental control panels for heating, air and water filtration and so on. Most modern panels used will incorporate nanotechnology making them more sophisticated yet cheaper control devices. And for houses being built in remote areas and not connecting to municipal sewage disposal systems, nanotechnology offers greatly improved filtration and breakdown systems.

There are many more products in the pipeline which will revolutionize the way modern houses are designed and built. And the nanotechnology revolution will affect not only the building materials, but also in the future everything inside the house from furniture to electronics to utensils.

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Are nano technology jobs available worldwide might be another question people may ask? Unfortunately it was discovered that nano technology is not developed to its full potential in countries like India.  It is not available at all in certain countries. Then where do we find countries that have jobs available within this field?

Here is the expected breakdown – up to 0.9 million jobs in the United States of America – 0.6 million jobs in Japan.
0.4 million jobs within Europe. 0.2 million jobs to the Asia Pacific which excludes Japan. Then lastly 0.1 million to other regions.

Just looking at the nano science and technology sector you will find career opportunities exist within areas such as:
Electronics industry, Materials science including textiles and packaging, Auto and aerospace industries, Sports equipment, Pharmaceuticals including drug delivery and cosmetics, Biotechnology.  Also within the medical fields, Optoelectronics, environmental control and monitoring, Food science which includes quality control and packaging, Forensics and many more.

It is absolutely mind boggling to think of all the nano technology jobs that will be created as the areas listed above keep on growing and growing. To re-iterate the following fields will undergo explosive developments and create more nano technology jobs:
Medicine: Diagnostics and therapeutics like drug delivery
Energy : Fuel cells and batteries
Environmental remediation in conjunction with GM microbes.
Manufacturing: Self assembly, fabrication of novel materials.
Commerce:  RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) used in watchman clocks.

These are just some of the many that are not even listed here. Potential fields of study include Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Environmental science, Agriculture science, Engineering, Forensic science, Law, Business, Ethics and Medicine.

Will I need formal education in order to qualify for a career in nano technology? Certain education levels are required such as: A Two year associate degree to doctorate level.

You may also ask as to what can I expect to get paid with nano technology jobs? Depending in what area you will be working, you can expect to earn between $30,000 to $100,000 US per year.

Some interesting points to take note of about nano technology:
Nano technology has been in existence in one form or another since 8000BC.
The width of a human hair is about 80,000 nanometers.
Nanotechnology is seen in information technology, manufacturing and national defense.
Texas A&M has cloned more species than any institution in the world, including cattle,swine,goats,horses and so forth.

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The basic building blocks of the universe are atoms which themselves are smaller than nanostructures but as yet science has not discovered how to manipulate and control atoms other than through chemical reactions. If you consider atoms to be akin to cement powder, then nanostructures are akin to concrete blocks. A concrete block on its own is not of much use but if you can manipulate concrete blocks into different sizes and shapes and combine them with other concrete blocks then you can make countless useful objects from a simple straight wall to a building like the Pentagon.

Scientists and engineers from many different disciplines are experimenting with nanotechnology and their belief is that they can create nanomachines which can be useful in many areas. The microchip industry is forever trying to condense the size of chips more and more and has had remarkable success in doing this. It is sobering to think that when IBM launched its first AT PC in the early 1980’s the hard disk that accompanied the machine was physically about half the size of a shoebox and had a storage capacity of 20 megabytes whereas just thirty years later disks not much bigger than a credit card can store thousands of times more data. But there is a limitation to how small chips can be made using standard technology. The hope is that nanotechnology will be the way forward in miniaturization.

On the medical front, nanotechnology is seen as a possible way to deliver extraordinary advances in disease treatment. The vision is of creating miniature components that can be introduced into the body via the bloodstream. The components would be programmable and assigned the task of perhaps seeking out cancer cells and destroying them without causing any damage to healthy cells. But the practical application currently in this area is a long way in the future.

Of more practical interest at present is using carbon atoms to build useful products. Carbon is the most versatile of all the elements in that it can form bonds with other elements in a unique fashion and can vary its own molecular structure. Carbon’s uniqueness amongst the elements is such that an entire branch of chemistry, organic chemistry, is devoted to carbon and its compounds. It is hoped that nanotechnology could produce carbon that will be as strong as steel but a fraction of its weight.

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Nanotechnology is concerned with manipulating matter almost at the atomic level. What that manipulation is designed to achieve depends very much on the area in which the technology is being applied. It may involve trying to make components that are microscopically small to be used in the manufacture of computer chips and integrated circuit boards. It may involve trying to give an object a property comparable to the same property of a rarer or more expensive item. Or it may involve trying to manipulate products in the food or medical industry.

Since nanotechnology works with material slightly above the atomic level, it is essentially concerned with creating new matter, or at least matter that is different in some way at the molecular level. What worries skeptics is that not enough research will be done into all of the properties of created objects and that may lead to harmful effects on the public.

To understand the safety concerns, it is necessary to have a little knowledge about how things work at the atomic level. Atoms are made up of molecules of elements which bind together to create a new product. Everyone knows that the chemical symbol for water is H2O which means that an atom of water consists of two atoms of the element hydrogen bound to one atom of the element oxygen. Water has its own unique properties which make it water and which are not shared by any other compound (although many will be very similar). We know that humans can ingest uncontaminated water without doing themselves any harm. But what if the manner in which the hydrogen and oxygen atoms bonded could be deliberately manipulated to form a slightly different type of bond? Would this alter the properties of the water possibly making it harmful to humans?

There are genuine reasons for this type of concern as can be demonstrated by examining carbon.  Graphite (which is what makes pencils work) and diamond are both forms of pure carbon but bear no similarity to each other. Diamond is one of the hardest natural substances known, while graphite can be crumbled between the fingers. Graphite is a completely opaque dark color while diamond is shiny. As an electrical conductor diamond would be useless whereas graphite is a good conductor. What makes graphite and carbon so different from each other is down to the way the carbon atoms are joined to each other.

It is estimated that the current annual spend on nanotechnology is almost ten billion dollars yet virtually nothing is being spent on research into safety. Nanotechnology is set to influence every factor of human life in the future so safety is a vital issue especially in areas such as food, medicine and cosmetics where we will be ingesting this material. For example, experiments are in place to use nanotechnology to detect contaminants or spoilage in packed food items. When the food is ingested, so too will the detector.

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Let us look at a few names behind this technology. We mentioned the scanning tunneling microscope, right? It is an instrument for imaging surfaces at the atomic level and was developed by Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer in 1981. This propelled them to receive the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1986. Harry Kroto, Richard Smalley, and Robert Curl are the names behind Fullerenes. They discovered this in 1985 and won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1996. Just around the same time, Eric Drexler developed and elucidated the concept of nanotechnology and founded the field of molecular nanotechnology. He is actually the writer of “Engines of Creation.” By the early millennium, governments moved to promote and fund research into nanotech with programs like the National Nanotechnology Initiative coming into place. This is because the government saw the endless possibilities of nanotechnology. With nanotechnology, one can create anything but it may have severe environmental implications.

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Nanotechnology is simply the rearranging of atoms to make other things, or to improve what is already available. For and example, organic nanotech is being researched and used to infuse cancer medications with atoms to attach cancer cells, while leaving healthy cells intact. Imagine those people with cancer, going in for just one or two treatments, and having their cancer cells destroyed, without harming their immune system. This way, those who are on chemotherapy now and are suffering from other problems, anemia, their hair falling out etc, and staying healthy but cured of the cancer they may have.

This is just the start, nanotech can help in many other ways, including correcting genetic defects, or healing ailments. For another example, let’s look at people who have eye problems, especially nerve damage causing blindness. With nanotechnology, a bridge can be built across the gap between damaged nerves and the eye, that can get new nerves to grow and bridge this gap, allowing those that are blind to see again.

Nanotechnology is also growing in many travel areas. Building materials will be lighter, and stronger, making planes, boats and even space ships easier to build, longer lasting, and able to consume much less fuel. Road construction will also be cheaper, and roads and bridges lasting much longer than ever before. This will cut transportation costs across the board, make traveling easier and much safer. This will also make the building of power plants safer as well, and soon we won’t have the problems that we are faced with today, such as the explosion and melt down of the nuclear power plant in Japan after the recent earthquakes. Building will be stronger in general, and able to withstand natural disasters much better. This include fires and floods as well, whether natural or man made.

Nanotechnology has applications for law enforcement and the military as well. Bullet proof vests will be lighter, yet better able to absorb or deflect bullets. The same holds true for military and law enforcement vehicles, Humvees, tanks and other vehicles stronger, and better able to withstand attacks. Also, with new advances in nanotech, soldiers will be able to heal their injuries faster, be stronger and more agile.

For the automotive industry, with the use of nanotechnology, metals will be stronger, yet lighter. Fuel will be more effective, oils and other lubricants able to get into even the smallest parts. This will make vehicles last longer, be more fuel efficient, and cheaper than ever before. These are just a few of the many benefits that breakthroughs in nanotechnology can provide. Imagine sending nanotech to the moon or other planets, setting up habitats without the risks to mankind?

You can find out an abundance of information about nanotechnology online. There are numerous resources available.

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